Heterogeneous Networks Handover Strategies with 5G Energy Efficiency

Abstract

The integration of heterogeneous networks, where several access technologies, including Wi-Fi, cellular, and small cells, coexist to enable seamless connectivity and enhanced data rates, has been made possible by the quick development of 5G technology. However, maintaining energy economy while providing seamless changeover between these heterogeneous networks is still a difficult task. With an emphasis on energy saving, this research provides a thorough analysis of handover methods in 5G heterogeneous networks. Nano cells, including femtocells, picocells, and microcells, have been installed to accommodate hotspots' fast rising data throughput and improve coverage inside buildings. To increase Energy Efficiency and data speeds, femtocells are frequently placed over macrocells in hotspots. The handover issue is more crucial in macro-femto HetNets than in macrocell networks. On the one hand, because femtocells have a limited-service area and are layered, handovers happen more frequently. Hence, several strategies for enhancing network performance, including load balancing, will also result in frequent handover in macro-femto HetNets. As a result, handover significantly affects how well macro-femto HetNets is performed. We investigate different handover decision algorithms, such as signal strength-based, load-based, and mobility-based techniques, and evaluate how well they may reduce energy usage while preserving a high level of user experience. We also investigate how handover performance and Energy Efficiency are affected by network factors, traffic patterns, and mobility scenarios. We offer insights into the trade-offs between Energy Efficiency, handover delay, and user happiness through simulation trials. To achieve Energy Efficient operation in 5G heterogeneous networks, the research's findings provide useful advice for network operators and system designers. Throughout this research, we examined the most recent handover methods designed to maintain active connections or guarantee the level of service received by mobile customers. Next, we discuss handover strategies linked to load balancing. Additionally, a handover technique that uses little energy is described.